Uninstalling the cumulative update in question gets rid of the taskbar issues, but if you want to keep the update for whatever reason, there appears to be a second workaround involving News and Interests feature. How to fix taskbar issues after KB5003214 The search box is also not appearing on the taskbar for some users, while a few users have flagged display scaling issues, which could be related to the system tray bug.
The icons appeared over the clock for a bit then disappeared,” a user explained the problem in the Feedback Hub. “After installing KB5003214, my taskbar (in the bottom right with clock, notification centre, network icon etc) all broke.
In other words, folks who are using the latest cumulative preview update with the “News and Interests” feature enabled on the normal desktop are having issues with the system tray which are meant to display background apps and pinned apps.